


;^ 







PmCC ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ CENTS. 




' A^neiHcan Nexvs Compatiy^ Agents^ New york\ 



^ijifl' 




No. 65 



No. ee. 




No. 67 



No. 68. 




No. 69 



No. 70. 




No. 71. 



No. 72. 



Base Ball, Cricket, Archery, and Lacrosse Caps. 



THE 



BOOK OF EULES 



OF THB GAME Ol' 





As adopted and played by the English Football Associations. 



compiled and edited by 

Honorary Secretary of the Football Association, London, 
Expressly for the Benefit of the American Colleges, Etc, 



NEW YORK : 

' "' : No. 126 NASSAU STREET. 






according to Act of Congress in the year ]87} , fey Pbck & Snyihsr, in the office of 
the T librarian of Congress, at Washington. 



PREFACE. 



To supply an acknowledged want in tbe Colleges and Schools 
throughout the United States, the Publishers issue this, the first 
book on Football, Styles of Playing, etc., ever published in this 
country. Football is called " the National Winter game " in 
England, and why not here ? It is a healthy, invigorating amuse- 
ment, and yet so simple that any boy may understand the rules. 
This handbook has been carefully edited and compiled by the best 
EngHsh author on the game — himself a professional player — who 
has placed nothing but facts before our readers. 

To meet the requirements and as an assistance to gentlemen 
of the various Colleges and Schools throughout the country, in 
framing laws for their guidance, we have printed the rules of the 
principal University Clubs in England. 

We also import and keep on hand a full line of the Eugby 
Match Balls, and all goods connected with the game. 

Communications of interest on the subject of Football will be 
welcomed by us and published in later editions. 

Yours respectfully, 

PECK & SNYDER. 



COIS^TEN'TS. 



Page. 

PlLEFACB 3 

Hints on the Two Styles or Foot Ball Play (Eugby Game)... 5 
XiAws OF THE Game oe the Pbincipal Clubs in England : 

The Foot Ball Association... 14 

Sheffield Foot Ball Association 16 

Eaton College 17 

Winchester College 19 

Eugby School 22 

Harrow School 27 

Cheltenham College 29 

How to Kick .s,»,. 31 

How to Kick the Ball «.o. .i.w>«^ 32 

Hints job Young Beginners .^,.r »>, "3 

Pkices of Foot Ball and Gymnasium ^ )^|s' sic - 6 



HINTS ON THE TWO STYLES OF FOOTBALL PLAY. 



THE EUGBY GAME. 

The ground should be about 140 yards long by 70 broad between the lines 
of goal, and should extend to a distance of twenty yards or so behind them, so 
as to allow plenty of space for a run in, when the ball has to be touched down 
behind goal. From each goal a line is cut in the turf to the edge of the 
ground ; all behind on this line is in goal. A similar line is cut on each side of 
the ground, called the line of touch, on passing over which the ball is out of play. 
Behind the touch-line^ and also behind the goal-line^ is touch-in-goaif where the 
ball is given up to the defending side to start afresh. The goals are upright 
posts of indefinite height — from 15 to 16 feet being perhaps the best — with a 
cross-bar 10 feet from the ground joining them, over which the ball must be 
kicked to score a goal. The posts should be 18 ft. 6 in. apart, We will sup- 
pose that the match to be played is a House Match, in which the best twenties 
of two boarding houses are engaged. In all probability each captain arranges 
his men as follows : Two of the best at starting quickly and dodging, he places 
" half-back " to play about ten yards behind thq scrummages, and get away 
with the ball at top speed directly it makes its appearance through the forest 
of legs ; about twenty yards in rear of the half-backs are three " backs, " adepts 
at running, "tackling," and drop-kicking, for they form the last hope of the 
side ; the remaining fifteen players are " forwards, " following up close on the 
ball, and forming a scrummage round it whenever it is held and cannot be run 
with. There is no goal-keeper in a Eugby match, as the ball has to be kicked 
over and not under a fixed height, and his services would be useless ; conse- 
quently every man on either side is in active play throughout the game. 
Winning the toss gives choice of goals, or, if the winner has no choice, he may 
take kick-off, and leave his opponent to choose the goal he prefers. Kick-off' 
must be a place-kick from the centre of the ground, the ball being kicked from 
the ground, where it res'.s in a small nick made by the heel, and the opposing 
side may not come within 10 yards of it. Both sides being ready, the ball is 
kicked off high in air, to allow of the side getting as close to the " backs " ss; 
possible before one of them has caught it, and can take his drop or get well off 
round to the touch-line, and so away < at of dangerous proximity to the goal- 
He is a little too quick for them though, and sends the ball flying back Over 
their heads to one of their *' half-backs, " who, before he can get into his stride, 
is tackled by three or four opponents at once, and brought to the ground with a 
run. The "forwards" of each side hurry up, and a scrummage is instantly 
formed: each' fifteen facing their opponents' goal, packed round the ball 
shoulder to shoulder, leg to leg, as tight as they can stand, the thirty thus 
forming a round compact mass with the ball in the middle. Directly the 
holder of the .ball has succeeded in forcing it down to the ground, he 
shouts " Down, " and business may be commenced at once. Each fifteen, being 



bent on driving the ball thiougn the ranks ol their opponents, set to work to 
push, struggle and kick, forcing if possible a passage through which the ball 
may emerge : out it comes at last, kicked straight into the hands of an active 
half-back, who gets away round the scrummage and dodges the nearest half-back 
of his opponents before the " forwards " have extricated themselves from the 
crush. He is not destined, however, to make any further progress towards the 
enemy's quarters, for the centre man of the three "backs" is upon him, and, 
tackling him fairly round the waist, gives him no chance of escape or passing 
the ball, so that he is fain to cry, 'Mia ve it down, " without further delay. 
Another scrummage is formed similar to the first, but the place is now nearer 
the line of touch, and the ball emerging at the side is driven over the line and 
touched down by one of the half-backs. 

The two sides now form in lines facing each other, and stretching from 
touch far out into the ground, and the ball is thrown out from the touch-line 
on a level with the spot where it first touched the ground when kicked out of 
play. If the player who catches it can run with it, so much the better for his 
side, but as a rule the players are so tightly crushed together that a dozen pairs 
of arms are round the catcher's neck immediately, and he is compelled to cry 
'* Have it down. " From this scrummage the ball is driven out in front of goal, 
where a wily back is awaiting it, and has it under his arm in an instant ; 
making the best of his opportunity and speed of foot, the forty yards that 
separate him from the enemy's goal-line are soon passed, and, having escaped 
the clutches of the nearest back by an adroit dodge, he grounds the ball in 
triumph between the goal-posts. From such a touch-down a goal is almost a 
foregone conclusion. To non- Rugbeians the process of taking the ball out and 
effecting a kick at goal seems rather complicated, but once learnt it can 
never be forgotten. The side who have gained the touch-down retire, and 
depute two of their players to take the ball out. The one who is to kick the 
ball brings it up to the line of goal in a straight line from where it was touched 
down. « When touched down between the posts it may be taken to either, but 
fiot between ; inside the line he makes a mark with his heel, and touches the ball 
down upoTi it. He then, still keeping inside the line, retires a pace or two from 
his mark, for from this his opponents may stretch out and "maul" him if they 
can, and kicks the ball gently off his toe into the hands of his companion, who 
is standing directly opposite him, only just outside the goal-line, to receive it. 
This man instantly makes a mark with his heel as near to goal as possible, and 
from this last mark the two players proceed straight out into the ground, and 
when they have reached a- convenient spot for a place-kick, the kicker makes a 
small nick for the ball to rest in, and, on a level with this, the rest of the side 
form a line stretching away in front of the enemy's goal-line, behind which 
their opponents are arranged in like manner, intently watching the holder of 
the ball. He, with one knee on the groimd, holds it just off the grass, waiting 
for the kicker's sign before grounding it. Directly he places it in the 'mark, 
the opponents may charge, and try and maul the kicker, or touch the ball on 
its way to goal, in which case no goal is scored, even though the ball go fairly 
over the cross-bar, and if any other player on the attacking side touch the ball 
after it has been kicked into the placer's hands, their opponents may instantly 
charge and maul. If a goal is obtained, the sides change over to try their 
.luek.from a fre^h position, when the side who lost the goal kick off from the 
middle of the ground as at the commeheemoat of the match. If the try is a 



feulnre, the defenders may run with the ball out of goal if they can, but in the 
majority of cases they are so hemmed in by the attacking party that they are 
compelled to touch it down, in which case the opposing side retire, and one of 
the side who touched it down takes it out not further than the 25 yards' post 
and " drops" it. But if the ball when so " dropped" pitch in touch, and so 
out of the ground, it must be brought back, and the kick be taken again. In 
the case of a player who is "running in" being tackled by one or more 
opponents outside goal, and carried over the line by the scrummage, only 
those who are touching the ball with their hands may remain in the maul, and 
when a player has once released his hold of the ball, he may not again enter 
the maul or attempt to join in the play, under penalty of being dragged out by 
his opponents. On the other hand, if a player running-in is tackled inside the- 
goal-line, only the player who first tackles him, or if two or three tackle him 
simuUaneously, may join in the maul. 

Of all rules in the Rugby code, there are none that require to be mora 
strictly observed than those relating to " off-side." Disregard of these funda- 
mental rules will completely nullify all the science and spoil all the spirit of 
the Rugby game. At Rugby summary proceedings may be taken with a player 
off his side who attempts to interfere with the play in any way ; the rule being 
that a player ** off-side " is to consider himself as out of the game, and is not 
to touch the ball in any case whatever (either in or out of touch), or in any 
way obstruct any player or interrupt the play. A player off his side is on side 
when the ball has been kicked, touched, or run with (5 yards) by any player 
on the opponents' side. The rule is considered of the very first importance,, 
and an infringement of it is very rarely seen in matches at Rugby.' The dis- 
tinguishing feature of the Rugby game lies of course in the rule that the ball 
may be carried if taken on the bound, and when not touching the ground. It 
is not lawful to take up the ball when roUing, as distinguished from bounding, 
and whenever the ball is unfairly taken up, it must be brought back to the 
spot where it wast|;aken up and put down again. It is not lawful to pick up 
the ball off the ground (except in touch, or after it has been touched down in 
goal, to take it out) for any purpose whatever. Hacking is a point that cannot 
be too lightly passed over, as with many it has gone a long way towards the 
depreciation of the Rugby game. There is no rule for hacking, as some ha\ c 
erroneously supposed, though there are clauses to control the practice. 

To imagine that the Rugby rules can be learnt and put into practice by a 
mere perusal or knowledge of the laws of the code is to commit a great mis- 
take, and this will be ^und to be the case by any one who plays the carrying 
game for the first time. And for this very reason it is a matter of no slight 
diffic ulty to put upon paper any hints on the practice of the Rugby game. 
To play well, a thorough knowledge of the working of these rules is indispen- 
sible, and when once the game, in all its branches, is understood from 
experience, common sense and perception will avail more than any written 
directions, in bringing a player to an accurate understanding of what to do 
and how to do it. The following brief directions may however, in some 
instances, prove of service to captains and players generally : A captain of a 
twenty (for this is by far the best number for a side in a Rugby match) should 
select from his men five of the beat at drop-kicking, running, dodging, and 
tackling, two to act as half-backs and the remainder as backs. They must be 
the most active players on the side, always on the alert, for a moment's hesita- 



8 

iion in an emergency has often lost a match. They must each choose the«r 
aide (right or left) of the scrummage, to which they must keep throughout the 
game, or they will be continually trying to take the same hall, and so put eack 
other out, and do more harm than good. But they must not he content with 
watching for the appearance of the ball on their side of the scrummage only, 
hut they must follow it up directly it is driven through by their forwards, and 
do their best to tackle their opponents' " half-backs " before they can pass il^ 
back or get off with it round to either side. Whenever the ball goes into 
tcuch, the half-back nearest the touch-line must stand up there just behind the 
line of forwards, to prevent the further progress of any opponent who takes 
advantage of a gap in the line in front of him to get through with the ball ; 
the other half-back should go far out, at the very extremity of the line of for- 
wards, and there be on the look-out for the ball, if thrown far out of touch. 
Of all places in the game, that of half-back is most responsible, and requires 
the greatest coolness and quickness, combined with the best judgment. 

The three "backs" should play in a semicircle, about five-and-twenty or 
thirty yards in rear of the half-backs, whom they have to back up and relieve 
of the ball when hard pressed by opponents. Directly the ball is driven past 
their half-backs, one of them, who is nearest to it, must rush in to meet it, 
pick it up and run with it if it is bounding, or place-kick it if only rolling 
along the ground, his two companions supporting him in case of his failing. 
If an opponent has got well off with the ball, and has passed the half-backs, 
one of the backs sho aid drop to the rear, while the others rush in to tackle 
him, so that, in case of his giving up the idea of trying to pass them, and 
^taking his "drop" instead, there will still be a " back" in reserve, to receive 
the ball when kicked over his companions' heads. When the play is in danger- 
ous proximity to their own goal, the backs and half-backs should in no case 
keep the ball in front of goal, if they can possibly get it away to the sides, 
though a back on the right side of goal should never run acrj^ss the ground in 
front of goal to get away to the left. Thus, if a ball is in their half of the 
ground, they should always be anxious to carry it away to the sides, whence a 
drop-kick or run will not seriously imperil their goal; but when in the half 
defended by their opponents, every effort should contrariwise be made to bring 
the ball directly in front of the enemy's goal-posts. It is not so essential that 
backs should be fast at starting, as good runners when once well under weigh, 
as in nearly every case they will get- a start of a few yards, their opponents 
driving the ball towai-ds them. A back-player should always make sure of his 
^* drop," without a chance of his being charged down ; let him run as far as he 
can, and pass as many players as he can, but as a general rule he should finish 
up his run with the longest " drop " he can take. A back or half-back run- 
ning to the left cannot drop with his ri^ht leg, so those who are best at left 
leg kicking should take the left side of the ground. 

There is no goal- keeper in a Kugby match, the backs being the last hope of 
the side — no one stands still with nothing to do, both backs and half-backs fol- 
lowing up at their relative distances from the mass of forwards. There are 
very few remarks to be made to forwards, their duty being to work together in 
a body behind the ball, taking it through the ranks of their opponents in the 
scrummages hj weight and skill combined, and following it up doggedly, not 
waiting for wind, but struggling on in spite of all obstacles to keep close to the 
tall. The highest praise that can be conferred on a Eugby forward, is con- 



9 

,eyea in the words, few and simple, "He's always on the ball." Forwards 
should always remember how much the absence of even a single player is felt 
in a twenty-a-side match, when it comes to a tough struggle in. front of goal, 
and a captain finds his forwards not up to time after the punishing work in the 
last scrummage. There are exceptional cases when the forwards should not 
be so eager to drive the ball through a scrummage ; for instance, when a side 
has taken the ball up into the heart of the enemy's quarters, and a scrummage 
is formed about twenty yards or so in front of the goal-posts, the forwards of 
the attacking side should not resist so vigorously the weight of their opponents, 
as the ball, if driven through, must go straight to one of the half-backs or 
backs, who will then have an easy chance of dropping a goal or running in. 
On the ball going into touch close up to the opponents' goal-line, the forwards 
should spread out well, their line stretching away as far as possible towards the 
centre of the ground, so that if one of their side gets the ball in touch, he may 
throw it well out, and thus bring the play in front of the enemy's goal. Of 
eourse, if one of the defending party touches the ball down he wiU throw it 
only a few yards out, so as not to imperil his quarters. In all cases it is 
necessary for a forward on either side to stand up to one of his opponents, as 
the ball will be always thrown to any one who, through having no opponents 
facing him, has a fair chance of getting away with it through the line. A for- 
ward on being tackled, if he find it impossible to get free at once or to pass 
the ball back to one of his own side, should cry, " Have it down," without loss 
of time in mauling, which is far too prevalent in the majority of matches 
played round London. A scrummage should be formed as compactly as pos- 
sible, every man pressing fijmly on the man in front of him, bodies and legs 
close together, so as to form a firmly packed mass to resist thfe weight of a like 
mass of opponents. Some players are given to putting their heads down in a 
scrummage so as to look after the ball the better, but it is a plan not to be com- 
mended . as it loosens the mass — a man with his head dbwn taking up tho space 
of two.^>The great point to be aimed at being to stop the progress of the ball 
towards one's own quarters, the first thing that a player should do after having 
tackled an opponent carrying the ball, is to hold the ball. Holding the plaj-er 
alone is of no use, as he will forthwith pass or throw the ball back to another 
of his side, who will be ofl" at top speed long before you can get near him. 
There are few greater mistakes than that of making a fair catch in front of 
one's Own goal, for the opposing side will come up to your mark with their 
backs and half-backs spread out behind them, so that even a good drop will fail 
to get the ball out of danger, whilst a shooter will result in a rush of the for- 
wards carrying the ball straight before them over the goal-line. 

Players generally, and backs and half-backs in particular, should always 
remember that it is infinitely better to be tackled than to ruif back losing 
ground towards one's own goal in an attempt to elude an opponent. It is 
common enough to see a player get the ball out of touch and take it right 
across the ground to the opposite touch-line, losing ground all the way, owing 
to his being close pressed by his opponents. He may run well and escape their 
hands till he runs into touch on the opposite side of the ground, only to find' 
that the ball is ten yards nearer his own line of goal than it was when he 
started.fJHe has.done no good, but, on the contrary, a great deal of harm, and 
it would have been far better for him to have stopped and attempted to dodge 
his opponents, or to have taken his drop directly he found himself losing 



10 

grouna. Some players are, howeyer, rather too much given to thinking that the 
longer they run the better, not considering in what direction they are going, 
^jid, lastly, a player should never think of trying to hack an opponent over or 
to trip him up when carrying the ball, if there is the very remotest chance of 
stopping him by tackling. Tackling is always far the safer plan, and even if 
the runner is not stopped, the slightest check he may receive by being held for 
an instant by the sleeve of his jersey or one of his hands, puts him out of his 
stride, hinders his running, and gives a chance to others of the opposing side to 
get up to him and prevent his getting away again with the ball. 

ON THE ASSOCIATION BULES. 

Football is a game which, from the very nature of its constitution, neces- 
sitates the undivided attention of every player engaged, be he great or small, fast 
or slow, whether his post be one of the greatest importance, or whether the 
position assigned to him be one of general utility. Unlike Cricket, where, with 
an adverse fate, it may happen that for hours one may be suffering from the 
ennui consequent on the protracted stay made by two batsmen, or the occupancy 
of some position in the field whereunto the ball never comes. Football affords 
scope and latitude for, nay, requires, the most unremitting zeal of every par- 
ticipator in the sport from the very commencement until the finish of the game. 
Every player would do well to remember that the BmsiWeBt faux pas on the part 
of any single individual at a critical moment might influence and decide the 
-whole fortunes of a match, and any remissness or want of energy during the 
course of the play might enable the opposite side to convert into a drawn game 
what might, perhaps, with more assiduity on the part of the assailants, have 
proved a reverse. -First, then, let me impress on all the absolute necessity of 
** playing up " throughout the game, a piece of advice which appeals as forcibly 
to the most practiced exponents of Football art, as to the veriest tyro in the 
Tisages of the sport. " What thy hand findeth to do, do it with thy might, " is 
^n axiom which may, without undergoing the charge of profanity, prove useful 
advice on this point. Where victory depends so much on the unison with 
which each member of a body works, as in the case of a Football team, it behoves 
all to strain every nerve to contribute to the joint success. > Each player rep- 
resents a component part of a huge machine which cannot work to any purpose 
without the co-operation of every minute particle associated in its composition, 
and which is thrown into disorder on the first case of negligence, or the most 
trifling flaw in any portion of the works. To play for his side, and not for 
individual fame and glory, as is too often the case, even with the most popular 
performers, ought to be the North Star of the young players' aspirations. 

How often has the thorough co-operation of the various members of a side, 
boasting of no especial players of repute, overcome the disorganized attacks of 
an enemy richer in individual skill. A game is never lost until it is won, and 
at any time the fickle goddess, Fortune, may smile on the efiorts of the deserv- 
ing. "Play up" until the last moment, and never relax the energy of your 
attack, always sacrificing your own peisonal gratification to the general weal, 
is, in my opinion, the first and golden rule of Football — a rule which is too often 
iost sight of in the eager thirst after the applause of the "gallery, " always 
showered down on *' flashy" play. Any one who has watched Football games 
with any degree of care will have noticed how few players seem to consider 
a»d study the welfare of the side to which they belong; -how rarely it iathat a 



player when in possession of the ball ever thinks of passing it on to one of his 
own party, even .when harrassed by several enemies ; how exceptional are the 
instances of a player "dribbling" the ball along the side of the ground, kicking 
it into the centre, and thus transferring his hopes of success to some fellow- 
struggler, who has, perhaps, been cautiously watching every movement of the 
ball in order to take advantage of some weak point in the enemy's armor. 
Second only, perhaps, in importance to the mainspring of Football, as I consider 
** playing up," is the grand and essential principle of "backing up. ' By 
** backing up," of course I shall be understood to mean the following closely 
on a fellow-player to assist him, if required, or to take on the ball in case of his 
being attacked, or othei-wise prevented from continuing his onward course, 
and no better exainple of the strength of an eleven, entirely formed by the 
excellent backing up of all its members, can be produced than that presented 
by the Carthusians, who have for some years enjoyed a reputation for general 
effectiveness second to no school in the neighborhood of the metropolis. 

In a game like that adopted by the Association success is sure to wait in 
some degree on the side which shows the most unity of action, as the play is in 
many cases too fast to develop thoroughly the most brilliant points of a team 
dependent on the success which may attend the effort of any individual member 
or members. A really first class player (I am now addressing myself solely to 
those who play up) will never lose sight of the ball, at the same time keeping 
his attention employed in spying out any gaps in the enemy's ranks, or any 
weak points in the defence, which may give him a favorable chance of arriving 
at the coveted goal. To see some players guide and steer a ball through a circle 
of opposing legs, twisting and turning as occasion requires, is a sight not to 
be forgotten, and this faculty or aptitude for "dribbling" or guiding the ball 
often places a slow runner on an equal footiilg with one much speedier of foot. 
Speed is not an indispensible ingredient in the formation of a " good dribbler," 
though undoubtedly, fleetness of foot goes far to promote success ; still, young 
players may be reminded that the race is not always to the swift, and not to be 
discouraged by the superiority in speed of any companion or opponent. Skill in 
dribbling necessitates something more than ago-ahead, fearless, headlong on- 
slaught on the enemy's citadel ; it requires an eye quick at discovering a weak 
point, and a " nous" to calculate and decide the chances of a successful passage. 
One of the greatest eye-sores to a first-class player is the too prevalent habit of 
" dribbling" the ball down the side of -the ground, or skirting the bounds of 
the touch-line to the neglect of some more favorable route. Unless when ab- 
solutely necessary, as is often the case, a forward player ought ever to avoid 
diverting the game from the centre of the ground, on which the success of 
the contest obviously depends. It is an achievement of very rare occurrence 
to secure a goal with a kick from any remote corner of the ground, as it is 
obviously easier for the defending side to repulse a charge with their goal in 
comparative freedom, than when their lines are in jeopardy, and the fight 
raging in the very centre of their goal-sticks. I would always advise forward 
players to shun, as much as possible, the outskirts of the ground, and rather to 
aim at the main channel which leads to the opposite goal, as this line of caution 
in the long run is more likely to achieve the desired end than the abortive 
attempts made by a series of runs or kicks from the side lines. 

Charging is a point on which great misapprehension prevails with those 
who have not yet finished their term of apprenticeship at Football. Injudicioufi 



12 

cliarging is one of tlie greatest errors in which a player can indulge, as nothing 
is more calculated to produce a heavy fall and consequent twist than this prin- 
ciple of wild, heedless, attack. To charge well is a point of advantage which 
Tecommenda itself to the weakest intellect, and to be an adept at charging 
xequires something more than weight. From the nature of their game most 
Harrovians are good chargers, thrusting well from their shoulders, which are 
usually kept rather depressed, while they also have a happy (?) way of intro- 
ducing an auxiliary thrust with the hip, which is undeniably successful, teste the 
sudden downfall of many a young Westminister and Carthusian. Prudence 
demands that charging should be administered, like many other disagreeable 
potions, in moderation, and that all recklessness in this line should be severely 
reprehended. Except in cases of absolute necessity, I (and the experience of 
late interviews with the scales has taught me that I have little to fear on the 
score of weight) would always avoid a charge, if possible, as I have invariably 
found that the shaking that ensues often seriously interferes with your pro- 
gress, and a more important advantage may often be gained by eluding and 
circumventing the obstacle which faces you. "When compelled to bear the 
brunt of a hostile meeting, remember bis duty qui cito dat, and if possible have 
the first shot ; keep your body well set, your elbows tight, your shoulders and 
hip acting well in concert, and you will have taken the best precautions for the 
prevention of a collision with Mother Earth. And now for a few words of 
admonition to goal-keepers, on whose presence of mind depends in no little 
measure the success or defeat of a side. A back-player ought essentially to be 
a good kick, a fast runner, destitute of every vestige of "funk, " and quick of 
action, as on the last-named recommendation frequently hangs the well-being 
of a goa^. , A good back-player ought studiously to watch the position of the 
members of his side, in order to pass the ball on to the most favored in posi- 
tion or as often happens, to some companion who occupies a post of vantage 
isolated from the rest, and so more able to secure an advantage from the 
enemy. This plan is more conducive to success than the custom of driving 
the ball as far as possible into the enemy's quarters. It is often politic to lift 
the ball just over the head of the enemy's advance guard, and this course will 
often be productive of good effect in transferring the combat into distant 
quarters. Procrastination, to quote the well-remembered headings of the copy- 
books, is dangerous, especially on the part of a goal-keeper, who ought always 
io return the ball without delay ; dribbling ought to constitute a capital crime, 
and he should be especially chary of risking the safety of his goal by a hostile 
charge. If practicable a goal -keeper might with advantage be appointed the 
captain of a side, as his position furnishes him with a better opportunity for 
watching and directing the movements of a body than a " forward, " who 
naturally loses sight of those in the rear, while the goal-keeper having the play 
chiefly before him, can with more promptitude marshal and manoeuvre his 
ai-m V. * The best method of placing a field, according to the game adopted by 
the Association, is as follows: One player should be stationed in the very centre 
of the goal, in order to save it in case the outer lines of defence have been 
]»assed by the enemy, the extreme width of the space rendering such a course 
in most instances absolutely necessary. The man selected to occupy this post 
should be an. adept at catching — cool, and not prone to be flurried ; and should 
the task prove a thankless one and free from all chances of attack, it would be 
advisable at times to relieve the sentinel by the substitution of another player. 



13 

It is usual to have two back players, or as they are termed at Harrow, first 
and second base-keepers, the latter usually occupying a position akin to that of 
the " flying-man " at Eton, who hovers about the outside of the main body, 
waiting, Micawber-like, for something to turn up, while on the former rests 
the responsibility of repelling the attacks made on the goal of which he is the 
defender. The more forward of the two or '' half-back, " more Buffbeiensi, 
ought to have the option of "dribbling " or kicking at his discretion, while the 
" back " ought never to stand on the order of kicking, but kick at once. Some 
clubs have two players to represent the wings of the army, flanking each side^ 
while others depute only one to each side. The former plan is, in my opinion, 
the more preferable, as often the wings receive the wlMile brunt of the attack, 
and four ** forwards " backed up by this solid body, are amply suffieient as the 
light brigade, or advance guard of the besieging party. Of course these rules 
are liable to alterations according as circumstances demand an offensive or de- 
fensive style of play. When contending against weak opponents it Is politic 
to bring the goal-keeper (I mean the player stationed between the sticks) up ta 
the front, while, on the other hand, an uphill or defensive game, it will readilj 
be seen, will be materially improved by deputing the second base or " half- 
back " to act solely on the defensive. The disadvantage of a strong wind will 
be considerably lessened by strengthening the numbers placed on the wind- 
ward side. Football, however, is of such a Protean nature, that it is difficiilt 
to offer a prescription for all the different phases of the game, which can only 
be gained by the crucial test of experience. I will merely therefore remark 
%^2X to ■phi.y with the feet IB the main object of Association Football. Handi 
should not and must not be used. Difficult at first it may seem, but the abo»» 
lition of handling and patting the ball will be found in ©very sense eonduciT^ 
to a better and more scientific game. 



lAWS OF THE GAME OF THE PRINCIPAL CLTIBS, IVBLIC 
SCHOOLS, AND ASSOCLA.TIONS OF ENGLAND. 



THE FOOTBALL ASSOCIATION. 

^;;^^./ EULES OF THE ASSOCIATION. 

1. That the Association be called " The Football Association. " 

2. That all clubs of one j^ear's standing be eligible for membership. 

3. That the subscription for each club be 5s. per annum, payable in advance. 

4. That the officers be a president, a treasurer, and a secretary, with a com- 
mittee comprising the beforementioned officers and ten other members. Five 
to form a quorum. 

5. That the officers be elected at the annual meeting by a majority of the 
representatives of clubs present, the retiring oMcers to be eligible for re- 
election. ^ 

6. That the general meeeting be held in the month of February. 

7. That each club be entitled to send two representatives to all meetings of 
the Association. 

8. That in the event of any alteration being deemed necessary in the rules or 
the laws established by the Association, notice shall be sent in writing to the 
secretary of the proposed alteration, on or before the 1st of February in each 
year ; and the terms of the proposed alteration shall be advertised in such 
Bporting newspapers as the committee may direct, at leaat fourteen days prior 
to the annual meeting. 

9. That each club shall forward to the secretary a statement of its distin- 
guishing colors or costume. . ' 

THE LAWS OF THE GAME. 

1. The maximum length of ground shall be 200 yards, the maximum breadth 
shall be 100 yards, the length and breadth shall be marked off with flags ; and 
the goals shall be upright posts, 8 yards apart, with a tape across them, 8 feet 
from the ground. • 

2. The winners of the toss shall have the choice of goals. The game shall 
be commenced by a place-kick from the centre of the ground by the side losing 
the toss, the other side shall not approach within 10 yards of the ball until it 
is kicked off. 



15 

3. After a goal is won the losing side shall kick off, and goals shall he 
changed. In the event, however, of no goal having fallen to either party at 
the lapse of half the allotted time, ends shall then he changed. 

4. A goal shall he won when the hall passes hetween the goal-posts \mder 
the tape, not heing thrown, knocked on, or carried. 

5. When the hall is in touch, the first player who touches it shall throw it 
from the point on the boundary line where it left the ground, in a di-rection at 
right angles with the boundary line, and it shall not he in play untfl it shall 
have touched the ground, and the player throwing it in shall not play it until 
it has been played by another player. 

6. When a player has kicked the ball, any one of the same side who is 
nearer to the opponents' goal-line is out of play, and may not touch the ball 
himself nor in any way whatever prevent any other player from doing so until 
the ball has been played, unless there are at least three of his opponents 
between him and their own goal ; but no player is out of play when the ball is 
kicked from behind the goal-line. 

7. When the ball is kicked behind the goal-line, it must be kicked off by the 
side behind whose goal it went within six yards from the limit of their goal. 
The side who thus kick the ball are entitled to a fair kick-off in whatever way 
they please without any obstruction, the opposite side not being able to approach 
within six yards of the ball. 

8. No player shall carry or knock on the ball ; and handling the ball, under 
any pretence whatever, shall be prohibited. — 

9. Neither tripping nor hacking shall be allowed, and no player shall use 
his hands to hold or push his adversary, nor charge him from behind. 

10. A player shall not throw the ball nor pass it to another. 

11. No player shall take the ball from the ground with his hands while it is 
in play under any pretence whatever. 

12. No player shall wear projecting nails, iron plates, or gutta percha on the 
soles or heels of his boots. 

DEFINITION OF TERMS. 

A Place-Kick is a kick at the ball while on the ground, in any position in 
which the kicker may choose to place it. 

Hacking is kicking an adversary intentionally. 

Tripping is throwing an adversary by the use of the legs. 

Knocking on is when a player strikes or propels the ball with his hands or- 
arms. 

Holding on includes the obstruction of a player by the hand or any part of 
the arm below the elbow. 

Touch is that part of the field, on either side of the ground, which is beyond 
the line of flags. 



16 



SHEFFIELD FOOTBALL ASSOCIATION. 

1. The maximum length of ground shall be 200 yatds, the maximum breadth 
100 yards. The length and breadth shall be marked off tvith flags, and the 
goals shall be upright posts, eight yards apart, with a bar across them nine 
feet from the ground. 

2. The winners of the toss shall have the choice of goals. The game shall 
be commenced by a place-kick from the centre of the ground, by the side losing 
the toss ; the other side shall not approach within ten yards of the ball until it 
is kicked off. 

3. Ader a goal is won the losing side shall kick off and the goals shall be 
changed, but, if in playing a match, half the specified time shall expire without 
a goal being obtained, the side shall change goals, the kick-oft' being from the 
middle in the same direction as at th« commencement of the game. 

4. A goal shall be won when the ball passes between the goal-posts under 
the tape, not being thrown, knocked on, or carried. 

5. When the ball is in touch, a player of the opposite side to that which 
Icicked it out shall kick it in from where it went out ; and no player be allowed 
within six yards of the ball until kicked. 

6. Any player between an opponent's goal and goal-keeper (unless ^e has 
■followed the ball there) is off side and out of play. The goal-keeper is that 
player on the defending side who, for the time being, is nearest to his own 
^oal. 

7. When the ball is kicked over the bar of the goal, it must be kicked off by 
the side behind whose goal it went, within six yards from the limit of their 
g^oal. The side who thus kick the ball are entitled to a fair kick-off in what- 
ever way they please ; the opposite side not being allowed to approach within 
«ix yards of the ball. When the ball is kicked behind the goal-line, a player 
of the opposite side to that which kicked it out shall kick it in from the near- 
est corner-flag : no player to be allowed within six yards of the ball until 
kicked. 

8. No player shall stop the ball with his hand or arm, except in case of a 
fair catch, or attempted catch. The side breaking this rule forfeits a free kick 
to the opposite side, and the offending side shall not approach within six yards 
of the kicker ; but nothing in this rule shall extend to drive them to stand 
behind their goal-line. The defending side shall be exempt from this rule, 
Tivithin three yards bf the goal. 

9. No goal shall be obtained by a free kick. 

10. Neither tripping nor hacking shall be allowed, and no player shall use 
"his hands to hold or push his adversary. Any player so offending shall forfeit 
a free kick to the opposite side. 

11. No player shall wear spikes, projeccting nails, or iron plates, on the 
soles or heels of his boots. 

12. An umpire shall be appointed by each side, at the commencement of the 
^ame, to enforce the preceding rules, whose decision on all points during the 
game shall be final. And they shall be the sole judges of fair and unfair play, 
and have power to give a penalty for foul play of any kind. Each umpire to 
be referee in that half of the field nearest the goal defended by the party nom- 
iuatir J ^iT.. 



17 

DEFINITION OF TERMS. 

A Place-Kick is a kick at the ball while it is on the ground, in any position 
in which the kicker may chooee to place it. 

A Free-Kick is the privilege of kicking at the ball without obstruction, ia 
such manner as the kicker may think fit. "^ 

Hacking is kicking an adversary intentionally. 

Tripping is throwing an adversary by the use of his legs. 

Knocking on is when a player strikes or propels the ball with his hand or 
arm. 

Holding includes the obstruction of a player by the hand, or any part of the 
arm below the elbow. 

Touch is that part of the field outside the line of flags. 

A Fair Catch is when the ball is caught before reaching the ground, after 
touching any portion of a player's person or clothing. 



ETON COLLEG-E. 
RULES AS PLAYED IN THE* FIELD. 

1. The game lasts an hour, and is commenced by a "bully" in the middle 
of the field. 

2. At the expiration of half the tim(« ''goals*' must be changed and a. 
"bully " formed in the middle of the field. 

8. Two umpires must be chosen, one by each party; their position is to b» 
at the "goals" of their respective parties. 

4. The goal-sticks are to be seven i'eet out of the ground, and the spnfe be- 
tween them eleven feet. A *'goal" is gaiued when tlie b^il is kicked between, 
them, proyided it be not above them. 

6. A "rouge" is obtained by the player who first touches the ball aftrr ife 
has been kicked behind, or on the line of the goal -sticks of the opposite side, 
provided th« kicker has betn *' bullied " by cue or more of the opposite side in. 
tiie act of kicking. 

6. As the act of " bullying " ©annqt b« defined by any fixed rule, the um- 
pires must exercise tlieirjudgmnit' on tiVis point. 

7. If the umpiie is una letjf^ivea derision a * bully " shall bo formed one 
yard in front of the line, in a straight line with the fcpot >^hele the ball was 
touched. 

8. If a player kicks the ball behind, or on the line cf f^.e poal-sticks of the 
opposite party, without being " 1 ullied. " or sliould the bait le fi»>-t loucho-l by 
one of the defending part)'', no " rouge " is obtaine<l, »nd 1 lie WU must bo placed 
on a line with the goal-sticks, and be ''kicked <ff" b\ one of ih t party. 

9. When a "rouge" has been obtained, tl e ball )>m t be ] la'fnd hy; theruiti- 
pire one yard from the centre of the goal-sticks at the end at which it was 
obtained. ' • .-. 

■ 1(3. No player on either side may move the ball, until the player " who runs 
in " has touched the ball. - . ^ 

11. No player who is behind the line of the goal-sticks, before the ball be 
kicked behind, may touch it in any way, either to prevent or obtain a 
** rouge. " 



18 

12. Should the ball have been behind the goal-sticks, and be kicked before 
them again without being touched, any player may touch it, and claim a 
"rouge." 

13. If a "rouge" be already, obtained before the time for leaving off expires, 
and the time expires before the "rouge" is finished, it must be played out, 
until either a "goal " be obtained, or the ball be kicked outside the side-sticks, 
or behind the line of the goal-sticks. 

14. The above rule applies also to a,ll "bullies" which have commenced, or 
" kicks off" which have taken place before the expiration of the hour. 

15. Should a player fall on the ball, or crawl on his hands and knees with 
the ball between his legs, the umpire must, if possible, force him to rise, or 
break the "bully" or " rouge. " 

16. Hands may only be used to stop the ball, or to touch it when behind. 
The ball may not be caught, carried, thrown, nor struck by the hand. 

17. No player may hit with the hands or arms, or use them in any way to 
push or hold one of the opposite party. 

18. No player may kick the ball behind the goal-sticks of his own party. 
Should this be done, and one of the opposite party touch the ball a "rouge" 
is obtained. 

19. A player is considered to be " sneaking " when only three, or less than 
three, of the opposite side are before him, and the ball behind him, and in such, 
case he may not kick the ball. 

20. If a player stand apart from the rest of the bully, even if three or less 
than three of the opposite side be before him, he is " cornering, " and may not 
kick the ball; if he does the opposite side may claim a "btllly" on the spot 
whence the ball was unfairly kicked, neither shall any "goal" or "rouge" 
which is obtained by the player so " coriiering" count at the discretion of the 
umpire. 

21. On the violation of Rules 15, 16, 17, or 18, the opposite party may require 
a " bully" to be formed on the spot whence the ball was unfairly removed, or 
where a player of their side was unlawfullv prevented from stopping or kicking 
the ball. 

22. The ball is considered dead when outside, or in a line with the side- 
sticks, and may not be kicked. 

23. When the ball is dead, a " bully " must be formed opposite to the spot 
where it stopped. 

24. Should the ball rebound off a bystander, or any other object outside the 
line of the sticks, it may be kicked immediately on coming in. 

25. If a player be not present at the beginning of a match, or be hurt, or 
otherwise prevented from going on, no substitute may take his place, but the 
match must proceed without him. 

26. A " goal " outweighs any number of "rouges. " Should no " goals " or 
an equal number be obtained, the match is decided by " rouges. " 

These rules were drawn up in the year 1847, H. R. Tremayne and A. R- 
Thompson being the " Keepers of the Field. " Since that date they have been 
revised and reprinted three times — in 1860, under the oflScial inspection of L. 
Guy Phillips, and J. Do V.E. T., W. Finnis ; in 1857, of C. L. Sutherland 
and A. Wilson Patten; and finaUy, in 1862, of R. W. W. Follett and 
A. Richards. ^ ^ 



19 

WINCHESTER COLLEGE. 
THE GROUND. 

Is to be a good level turf, in length about 80 yards, in breadth about 27 yards, 
bounded on either side, lengthways, by a row of hurdles, or (as is more usual) 
canvas stretched by means of wood- work to the height of "about seven feet, for 
the purpose of keeping the ball within the ground. Parallel to, and inside of 
either row of canvas, at the distance of about one yard from the canvas, a rope 
is strained at the height of about three feet, which is intended to prevent in- 
jury to the canvas. At either end of the ground, from the extremity of one 
row of ropes to that of the other row, a straight lino is cut in the turf, about 
one inch in depth and width ; these two lines mark the goals. "When the ball 
goes out of the ground it is out of play till brought back again. 

ARRANGEMENT OF PLAYERS. 

Each side is divided into " up " players and " behinds. " There are gene- 
tally two or sometimes three behinds on each side ; the test are nps. • 

The ups engage in "hots" (see the Hot), and follow more closely on the 
ball, wherever it is kicked. The behinds 4o not engage in hots, but wait for 
the open kicks. One of the behinds on each side is called second-behind, and 
generally stands a few yards behind hia own ups. The other behinds are 
called last-behinds, and stand some distance behind their own second-behinda. 

At the beginning of the game, which generally lasts one hour, the captains 
of each side toss for goals ; and when half the time is over, the sides change 
goals, the game being suspended till they have changed. 

UMPIRES. 

Two umpires are to be chosen before the commencement of the game. They 
are to stand at opposite ends and sides of the ground ; each commanding a view 
down the row of canvas and ropes nearest him, and also along the line of the 
goal nearest him. 

The duty of the umpires is to score the goals, and in all cases of doubt la 
"which they are referred to, to give their decision, which is final. One of the 
umpires must have a watch, to call the times of beginning the game, chang- 
ing sides, and ending. 

The position of the players at the beginning of the game, and of the umpires, 
Biay be better understood by the accompanying diagram. 

h B 

B F 




The liiMft A B and C D represent the line* of the canvas ; B F and d H those of ropee; S 
O and F H thoa* of th* ^Oata fl'th''e^sl^i;M * ti>® players on one aide; o the players on thv 
•ther lid* ; . the ball in the middre>^ fS^e the Hot.) 

The umpires stand eithar'iit poinu £ and H or at points F and G. 



20 

THE GOAL. 

To obtain a goal (for which one is Bcored to the Bide that obtains it) the ball 
-mtvLut be kicked by a bound oflf gome part of the person of a player in snch a 
wa/ as to pass the line of his adversary's goal. This general rule is subject to 
conditions to be found under the headings, Kick-off after Goal, Kick from be- 
liind, Tagging, Behjnd your side, Kick-up, Made-Flyer, Dribbling, Handling 
the Ball (Case 4), XJnder-Ropea (Cases 1 and 2). 

THE HOT. 

The game commences with a " hot," ». <?., the ball is placed in the centre of 
the ground when the ups, lowering their heads, but not touching the ground 
(if they can avoid it) with either hand or knee, try to push it through the op- 
posite party. 

The same hot is repeated when the side have changed over, at the end of 
lialf the game. 

Also, whenever the ball is kicked out of the ground, it is to brought back 
again, and placed on the ground near the canvas, opposite where it went out, 
when the hot is repeated. 

KICK-0^ AFTER GOAL, 

After a goal, the side which has lost it is entitled to take, at a distance of 
aibout 10 yards from its own goal, a fair and uninterrupted kick-oflf towards 
their opponents' goal. Meanwhile the other side have retired to their own 
goal in order to meet and return the ball. 

If, as sometimes happens, a kick-off after goal bounds, or, from a high windj 
jlies right through the opposite goal, this does not score, as there must be three 
jkicks at least to obtain a goal, viz : — Kick-off, Return Kick, and a Third Kick. 

KICK-OFF AFTER A CATCH. 

If a player catches a ball which has been kicked by, or bounded off ths person 
olf any of his opponents, before it touches the ground, he is entitled to take a 
Tun of three yards, and kick-off. But if one of his opponents succeed in wrench- 
ing the ball from him, that opponent becomes entitled to a kick-off under the 
same circumstances. 

£N.B. — 1. If the ball once touches the ground after being caught, and before 

being kicked off, it may not then be kicked off. (See Made-Flyer.^ 

2. Also, when he who has caught the ball is being " run," and sur-'^ 

rounded by his opponents, his own side may help to extricate him.] 

In the following exceptional cases a ball when caught may not be kicked off, 

"but must be instantly put on the ground :— 

1. When the ball which is caught has touched the canvas or ropes, or a 
player on the same side as he that catches it. 

2. "When the ball kicked off after the goal is caught. 

3. Another exception will be found under the heading Hopes. 

KICK FROM BEHIND. -— 

"When the ball has passed the line of goal under circumstances which disallow 
of its scorijig a .goal, being brought to any.^aift of the line of the goal It. 
passed, it must be'kicked along the ground" towards tliV opposite goal by aJ 



21 

placer of the side -whose goal the ball passed. Meanwhile his opponents may^ 
•try to get in, the way of '* a score," his kicks, and also those on his own side, 
may try to prevent them doing so by pushing them out of the way. A kick 
from behind cannot obtain a goal. 

When a player has kicked or touched the ball, no one on the same side may- 
kick or touch it until it has been kicked or touched by some player of the oppo- 
site side, unless the ball goes behind the player who kicked or tonched it^ 
i. e.j nearer hia own goal. 

Transgressing this rule is called " Tagging," and a ball kicked by a '* tag**^ 
,0 cftnnot obtain a goal. 

KICK UP. 

A. player may not kick the ball highisr than the average height of the shoul" 
der, i. «., about 5^ feet, unless the ball at which he kicks is either in the air 
or clearly on the ground. 

An unfair kick of this kind is called a Kick Up, and cannot obtain a goal. 

MADE-FLYER. 

A player may not, after kicking or otherwise touching the ball last himself 
80 that it once touch the ground, kick it above the shoulder, even though it be 
bounding. This rule includes " Drop-Kicking," which is unlawful. 

A ball kicked in transgression of this rule is called a Made-Flyer, and cannol 
obtain a goal. 

BEHIND YOUR SIDE. 

No player may stop between the ball and his adversaries' goal, so as to back 
it up when his own side kicks it there, but must follow the ball up as much as 
possible. If he is unavoidably " behind his side," and the ball be kicked toward* 
him, he may not kick it himself nor try to prevent the opposite side from 
having a kick at it. 

A ball kicked in transgression of this rule cannot obtain a goal. 

There is, however, this exception, that when a player kicks off a goal, the 
tips on his side may stop near the adversaries' goal, in order to back the ball 
up, and prevent them from returning. 

DRIBBLING , 

Is entirely unlawful ; imd a ball kicked by a dribble cannot obtain a goaL 

HANDLING THE BALL 

Is allowed in the following cases only : — 

1. For the purpose of kicking off. 

2. For the purpose of catching a ball. 

3. For the purpose of stopping a ball before kicking it. 

4.. For the purpose of saving a goal, which may be done by touching 

the ball before it passes the line. 
5. For the purpose of shifting the ball to a convenient position whea 

kicking from behind. 



22 

ROPES. 

The expresBion " under " ropes is (for convenienee) used to express, not only 
"flie ground in a perpendicular line immediately under the ropes, but all the 
space between the ropes and canvas. 

1. If a ball, when kicked, is under the ropes it cannot score a goal. 

2. If a ball touches the canvas or ropes aft^er being kicked it cannot score 

a goal. 

3. If a player catch a ball, which either when kicked or when caught was 

under or over ropes, it does not count a fair catch. 

4. No " hotting " must take place under ropes, but the ball may always 

be kicked when under ropes, except, of course, in cases of " tag," etc. 
6, Holding on to the ropes is not allowable. 

KICKING OR STRIKING 

A player is unlawful under any circumstances whatsoever. Holding is also un- 
lawful, except in the case of " running " a player who has caught the ball, and 
even then, if it is done so as to throttle or otherwise purposely hurt the player. 
Tripping up is allowable. 



RUG-BY SCHOOL, 
DEFINITIONS. 



1. A Drop-Kick, or D^op, is made by letting the ball drop from your hands 
on to the ground, and kicking it the very instant it rises. 

2. A Place-Kick, or Place, is kicking the ball after it has been placed on the 
ground in a small nick made with the heel for that purpose. 

3. A Punt consists in letting the ball fall from your hands, and kicking it 
"before it touches the ground. - 

4. A Maul outside goal-line takes place when a player holding the ball is 
held by one or more players of the opposite side, and if he cannot get free of 
them or give the ball to some other of his own side (not in front of him) who 
can run with it, he cries, "Have it down," when 

5. A Scrummage commences, *. e., the holder puts the ball down on the 
ground, and all who have closed round on their respective sides begin kicking 
at the ball. ^^ 

<N. B. — For a Maul inside goal; cf. Rule 13.) "■: 

6. A Fair Catch is a catch from a kick, or a knock on from thfe hand, but 
not from the arm of the opposite side, or a throw on, when the catcher makes a 
mark with his heel, provided no one else oh his side touch the ball. 



23 



PLAN OF THE FIEI^D. 

Tliis plan does not represent the shape, but only the arrangement of the 
ground ; it is better to have it an oblong than a square. 



A 


Vi . . . ... [^ 

i ; : 

1 i 1 
1 ° i 
!T P P • TJ 


A 




" i " '^- ■«■;.! .' 






1 ' ! 





A A A A Lines of Goal. 

PP PP.GoalrPosts. 

T T T T -Lines of Touch. ; 

M Imaginary place where mark is made after a touch-dowa in goal, 

O Imaginary place whence kicked. 

Q QQQ Touch in goal. 



INTRODUCTION. 

Football is played on a large level field or piece of ground, near either end 
of which is erected a goal, composed of two upright posts of indefinite height,, 
exceeding .11 ft., placed 16 in. apart, with a cross-bar 10 ft. from the ground. 
Prom each goal a line is cut to the edge of the field, called the line of goal 
(AA AA), all the part behind this line is in goal, the part between the goals 
being ths field of action. The sides are marked ofi" by lines similar to the line 
of goal, and all the edge of the fi^ld outside them is said to be in touch. 
(TT TT). [The part behind the goal-line and also behind the touch-line is 
called touch in goal (QQ, QQ).] If the field is larger than the actual sp ice in 
which the game is played, then the touch-lines and goal-lines are considered 
as indefinitely produced. Thus much about the field. 

The game is commenced by a place-kick (Def. 2) from the middle, the 
object of the game being to kick the ball over the adversary's goal, which can 
be done by any kind of kick except a punt. (Def. 3.) A goal may be 
*' dropped " in the course of the game, by any player over his adversary's goal. 



24 

A goal may be '* placed " either after a touch-down in goal, or after a fair 
catch. (Def. 6.) The touch-down is accomplished fn the following manner : 
Any player who catches the ball, either fair or on the bound (provided he be 
not off his side, vide Rule 6), may run with it if he can till he gets behind his 
adversary's line of goal, where he will touch it down as near as he can to'the 
goal, if possible between the posts. This feat is called " running in." The 
method of kicking a goal after such a run in is twofold. 

A. If the touch-down be too far from the goal -posts to try a place-kick at 
goal (vide B), one of the side who touched it down takes it up, and makes a 
mark with his heel inside goal-line, then touches the ball down in that mark, 
retires a little, keeping inside goal-line, and then "punts" it out towards 
his own side, who spread out to catch it. The moment it is punted, the 
opposite side, who are standing at the mark and along the lino of their goal, 
may charge as above, but if any of the opposite side have caught it and made 
his mark, they are obliged to stop charging and not go beyond the mark made 
by the eatcher. He who has caught it may either, if desirable, take a second 
punt or proceed to place it for another to kick, as hereafter described in the 
case of a fair catch, or else has a drop at goal himself. In the latter case he 
may kick from as far behind the mark as he likes, and the opposite side may 
charge the moment he kicks the ball ; or in any case if any but the catcher 
touch the ball, the opposite side may clxarge and maul hira. 

B. If the touch-down be v^r enough to try a goal, then two of the side that 
touched it down are deputOT by the head of the side to take it out — one to 
place the ball on the ground, and the other to kick it. Then he who is going 
to kick it takes it up, brings it to the line of goal, and touches it down inside 
or on the goal-line, and in a line with the place at which the player who ran 
in touched it down ; if the runner in touched it down between the posts, he 
touches it down at either of the posts. Ho then makes a mark with his heel 
on the spot, taking care all the time to keep within the line of goal (and 
touches it down in that mark as in A, v. ntpra.) The pla^yers of the opposite 
side may then come as far as the mark,^but no farther, and may stretch for- 
ward with a view of " mauling " {v. infra) the two who are taking it out, if 
they do not succeed in the following action. The player who is to place- 
kick, goes just out of the reach of the opposite side who are stretching forward. 
He then, still standing within the goal-line, kicks the ball gently off liis toe 
into the hands of the other, who is standing just outside the goal-line to receive 
it. The moment it is in his hands, he makes a mark with hia heel outside the 
goal-line, and of course as far as he can stretch in the direction of the goal- 
posts,, which his opponents may prevent if they can by charging, but not until 
the ball has left the toe of the player behind the goal-line. (This is called 
•* mauling.") This however they cannot do when he has made his mark, so 
that only in cases where they prevent his catching the ball, or he fails in 
making his mark directly, or makes it inside the goal-line, or touches the ball 
before it is off the toe of the other, do they succeed in mauling him. When he 
has made his mark, he carries the ball out in a line with the mark, at right 
angles to the goal -line, until it is at a suitable distance from the goal for a 
place-kick. A small nick is then made in the ground for the ball to rest upon, 
and in it he places the ball. If however the ball be touched when once outside 
goal by any but the player who is taking it out, the other side may charge or 
maul. The ball being placed in the nick the kicker takes a place-kick at it. 



-^5 

The moment the ball is on the g^und, the other side may charge from a line 
drawn through the mark made by the player who took it out parallel to the 
goal-line ; but the kicker's side may not charge till the ball is actually kicked, 
and must all stand behind or on a level with the ball, in accordance with the 
rules of on side. If the ball goes over the cross-bar, whether it touches or not, 
at whatever height, it is a goal. If it rises directly over the end of one of the 
posts, it is called a poster, and is no goal. 

Whenever a fair catch is made (see Rule 4), the catcher makes his mark. At 
that mark and on alevel with ifc. the opposite side may stand,, but not before it, 
and the catcher may either " drop " it himself or place it for another to place- 
kick it, at any distance behind his mark. The rules about charging for both 
sides are the same as in the case of a touch-down in goal, as described above. 
(B.) 

If one of the opposite side^suceeed in touching the ball after .it has been 
kicked and before it goes over the bar, it is no goal. "When the ball goes" 
outside the lino of touch, except it pitch within 25 yards of the kicker's goal 
(in which case it must be brought out in a straight line from wherever it is 
first touched down), the first player who touches it down, takes it up and 
brings it up to the touch-line in a straight line from where it pitched, and (a) 
throws it out at right angles to the line of touch, where the players are stand- 
ing in two lines to receive it, or (b) bounds it outside the line of touch, «. e., 
in the flebi of play^ and runs with it, or " drops " it himself; or (c) walks out 
with it in his hands at right angles to the touch-lino, through the two lines of 
players as in (a), and puts it down at a distance of between 10 and 15 paces 
from touch-line, at his discretion, first declaring how many paces he intends to 
walk out. 

"When the ball goes into touch in goal it is considered as out of the field, 
and is taken out by the side in whose goal it is, as if they had touched it down 
in their own goal (v. infra). 

"When the ball goes into either goal, either itis touch down by one of the op- 
posite side, as nearly as possible between the goal-posts, in which case it is pro- 
ceeded with as in the case of a run in (see above) ; or if the ball be bounding, 
one of the side in whose goal it is takes it up and runs with it or "^ drops " it put 
of goal, or, if not bounding, kicks it out of goal, or touches it down in his goal, 
in which case the opposing side retire, and one of the side who touched it down 
takes it out, but not farther than 25 yards, and " drops " it. (Accordingly it is 
advisable to place posts on the touch-line to mark the 25 yards.) But if the 
ball when so dropped out pitch in touch, it must be brought back and the 
kick take place over again. 

"When the player has the ball, any of the opposite side may either maul him or 
pull him over, or get the ball from him, or else ** hack " him over, but he may 
neither hack him and hold him simultaneously, nor may he hold him after the 
ball is gone, except in case of Rule 18. 

Generally, three or four of the swiftest runners and most expert at dropping, 
remain some distance behind the rest, and are called " back-players," or *' backs;" 
some, too, who are clever at *♦ dodging," play " half-back," /. e:, between the 
back playera and the rest. 



26 



BULES. 



1. Thete must be two umpires for every Big Side and House Match, one ap- 
pointed by each head of the side (either having the power of putting a veto on. 
any one proposed by the other). 

2. Kick*oif from the middle must be a place-kick, and cannot count as a 
goal; the opposite side must stand at least 10 yards before the ball. 

3. Kick-out must not be from more than 26 yards out of goal. 

4. Charging is fair in the case of a place-kick, as soon as the ball touches the 
ground, but the kicker's side may not charge till the ball has been kicked ; in 
case of a drop-kick as soon as the player offers to kick, but he may always draw 
back unless he has actually touched the ball with his foot. 

5. On side. A player is on side, when the ball has been (kicked, touched) 
or run with (5 yards) by any player on the opposite side. 

6. Offside. A player is off side when the ball nas been (kicked, touched) or 
^,is being run with by any of his own side behind him. 

7. A player entering a scrummage on the wrong side is off side, and a player 
is off side even when a player on his side has kicked the ball from behind him 
and then runs before him. 

8. A player being off side is to consider himself out of the game, and is not 
to touch the ball in any case whatever (either in or out of touch), or in any way 
interrupt the play or obstruct any player. ' 

9. Knocking on and throwing forward are disallowed ; in case of this rule 
being broken a catch from such knock or throw shall be equivalent to a fair catch. 

10. It is not lawful to pick up the ball off the ground (except in touch, or 
after it has been touched down in goal, to take it out) for any purpose what- 
ever. 

11. It is not lawful to take up the ball when rolling, as distinguished from 
bounding, and whenever the ball is (in the opinion of the umpires) unfairly 
taken up, it must be brought back to where it was taken up and put down. 

12. In a scrummage succeeding a maul, it is not lawful to touch the ball with 
the hand, except in the event of a fair catch. 

13. Maul in goal. When a player, holding the ball, is mauled by one or more 
of the opposite side, outside goal, and carried inside goal by the scrummage, then 
only those who are touching the ball with their hands may continue in the maul 
inside goal, and when a player has once released his hold of the ball he may 
not again join in the maul, and if he attempt to do so may be dragged out by 
the opposite side. (The object of such maul being, of course, to touch the 
ball down.) 

But if a player running in is tackled inside goal-line, then only the player 
who first tackles him, or if two or three tackle him simultaneously, may join ia 
the maul. . . ' . 

14. The goal-line is in goal. 

15. First of his side is the player nearest the ball on his side. 

16. Running in is allowed to any player on his side, provided he does not take 
the ball off tho ground or through touch. 

17. Running in. If in any case of a " run" the ball be held in a maul, it 
shall be lawful" for a player on the same side to take it fiom the runner, pro- 
vided he is at the time behind him. 

18. Any player obtaining a ball in a maul, must have it down as soon as 



27 

possible, when outside of the 25 yards' post. %♦ his own end, and any player re- 
fusing to do so may be hacked. 

19. Hacking above or on the knee, or with the heel, is unfair, and no player 
may be hacked and held at the same time, except in case of Rule 18. 

20. No one wearing projecting aails, iron plates, or gutta percha on the soles 
or heels of his boots or shoes, shall be allowed to play. 

21. Try at goal. A ball touched down between the goal-posts may be brought 
up to either of them, but not between them. 

,w 22, The ball when punted out must be within, and when caught, without 
the goal-line. {Vide Rule IS.) ,^^ \ 

., r 23. No goal may be kicked from touch. 

24. It shall be a goal if the ball go over the bar, whether it touch it or no, 
without having touched the dress or person of any player, but no player may 
^ stand on the goal-bar to interrupt it going over. 

jl. 25. A goal may be obtained by any kick except a punt, {Vide Def. 3.) 
' 26. The match is won by either side obtaining two goals. 

27. That part of the island which is in front of the line of goal is in touch, 
that behind it in goal. 

28. The discretion of sending into goal rests \irith the heads of sides,, and 
they are the sole arbiters of all disputes. 

29. All matches are drawn after five days' play, or after three days if no 
goal has been kicked by either side. 

30. Two Big Side balls must always be in the close during a Big Side. 

31. No Football shall be played between the goals till the /Sixth Match. 

32. Three Praepostors constitute a Big Side, and? the player highest in the 
school on each side shall toss up. _;/ ^% ' 

33. Old Rugbeians may play in any Big Sfde'match, and strangers in any 
match (excepting the Sixth Match, the Old IRjfigbeian, and the Two houses), 
with the consent of the heads of both sides, but only actual members of the 
school may have a place-kick at goal. 

34. The walk and the grass up to the wall in front of the Headmaster's house, 
leading the Bar by Road, is in goal ; the path behind the island goal is a.lso in 
goaL ^-fj 



HARROW SCHOOL. 

1. The choice of bases to be determined in House Matches by tossing; but 
in the ordinary school games, that side has the choice on which the head of 
the school (or, in his absence, the highest in the school present) is playing. 

2. The bases are twelve feet in width, and the distance between them in 
House Matches, must not be greater than 150 yards. The width pf the ground 
must not be more than 100 yards. 

N. B. — If the first day's play result in a tie the distance between the poles 
shall be doubled. 

3. The ball must be kicked oflf from the middle of the ground, half-way be- 
tween the two bases. 



28 

4. When the ball is kicked, anyone on the same side^ hut nearer the opposite 
base, touches or kicks the ball, he is said to be behind, only if one of the oppo- 
site side be between him and the party who kicked the ball. Anyone who is 
thus behind is considered as being virtually out of the game, and must wait 
till the ball has been touched by one of the opposite side ; nor must he inter- 
iere with any one of the opposite side, or in any way prevent or obstruct hia 
catching the ball. 

6. The ball may only be caught if it has not touched the ground since it wai 
last kicked by the leg below the knee or foot. 

6. Whoever catches the ball is entitled to a free kick if he calls three yards ; 
but whoever catches the ball, and does not call three yards, is liable to have it 
knocked out of his hands. 

N. B. — The ball must be kicked without delay ; and the preliminary run 
must not be longer than three yards {i. e., the utmost length to which three run- 
ning strides would extend). 

7. When a player catches a ball, he may take his three yards in any direc- 
tion he likes. 

8. If a player catch thd ball near the opposite base, he may try to carry the 
ball through by jumping the three yards. If he fail in this attempt, no second 
try is allowed, but he may return in the direction of the spot where he caught 
the ball, and from any point in this direction may have a free kick at the base ; 
none of the opposite side may in this case get in his way nearer than the spot 
to which his jump brought him. 

9. The ball, when in play, must never be touched by the hand or arin un- 
less close to the body, except in the case of a catch, as above stated. 

10. The ball if kicked beyond the prescribed limits of the ground, must be 
kicked straight in again, and then must not be touched by the hand or arm, 
unless close to the body ; and one of the opposite side to the player, who shall 
have last touched the ball shall be entitled to kick it straight in. 

K. B. — When a player is kicking the ball from behind his own base, he is 
not compelled to kick it straight. 

The ball must be kicked at least twelve yards in among the players, except 
when it is kicked oflf from behind. 

11. All charging ia fair, but no holding, tripping, pushing with the hands, 
shinning, or backshinning is allowed. 

12. After a base hi&s been obtaiiied, or if no base has been obtained by three 
o'clock, the sides change their respective bases. 

13. There must always be two umpires in a House Match, and if possible in 
School Matches. 

Their decision shall be final in matters of fact, but they are at liberty to 
refer any question of law to the Committee of the Philathletic Club, if they 
feel unable to decide it at the time. 

N. B. — In the absence of umpires, the head of a side (who is always respon- 
sible for the regularity of the play) shall act as umpire himself for his own 
5ide. 

14. It shall be the duty of the umpire in all Football matches to take away 
a base if obtained by unfair means, and in Ilouse Matches to put oat of the 
game any player wilfully breaking any of the Football rules. 

15. No nails are allowed in Football boots within an inch of the toe or half- 



29 

ML inch of the sides, and none at all at the heel ; no spikes whatsoerer may be 
tued. 

16. The abore rules should be put up conspicuously in every House at the 
beginning of every Football quarter, and new boys should be required to 
make themselves thoroughly acquainted with them. 



CHELTENHAM COLLEGE. 

REVISED RULES. 

1. Kick off at a distance of 30 yards, ♦. e., from the white posts. 

2. If the kick off goes into touch, it must be had over again. 

3. When the ball is going to be kicked off, both sides must be in a line with 
; their white posts. 

4. After a kick off the opposite side must touch it first. 

5. The ball must be thrown out of touch in a straight line ; it must not be 
/touched before it has touched the ground, and then bo kicked, not handled. 

-6. The ball must not be touched with the hands in a scrummage. 

7. No off-side play allowed. 

8. If an umpire shall ste a player touch the ball, when he is off-side, he shall 
call out " Off-side," upon which the player must immediately let the ball fall, 
)er, if it be on the ground, must wait till one of his opponents comes up. Any 
jone infringing this rule, after being warned, will be turned out of the game. 

9. It shall be a goal if the ball goes over the cross-bar (whether it touch it or 
ino), without having hit any player. 

10. If a ball be drop-kicked over goal it counts; but not if punted, hit, or 
'ithrown. 

, 11. Fair Catch. A catch direct from the foot or hand of one of the opposite 
•ide, without having touched one of the players on the side of the catcher. 
iAnyone thus catching the ball may make his own mark, which will entitle 
ihim to have a drop-kick at the goal. One only of the opposite side may stand 
lup to this mark, but not pass it. 

' 12. A catcher must make his mark after catching the ball, and before he has 
rmoved one step. 

' 13. A try at goal. When a player has got a touch-down, he must bring the 
ball out in a straight line from the place where he has touched it ; but if it has 
jbeen touched so far from the posts as to preclude all chance of a goal, it may 
be punted out. If a fair catch be made off this, the catcher may make his 
(mark and have a drop-kick at goal. 

14. A ball touched between the goal-posts may be brought up to either of 
Ithem, but not between. 

15. The ball must be place-kicked, not dropped. 

16. When one side gets a kick at goal, or a punt out, the opposite side must 
:i»o into goal. 

17. Charging is fair in case of a place-kick as soon as the ball has touched 
tfche ground. 



2fO 



18. If two of the same side touch the ball, after it has been brought outside 
the line for a place-kick, it shall spoil the kick, but shall count three rouges. 

19. When one side has got nine single rouges, or three kicks at goal, the 
other may make them change goals. Punts out count with the single rouges. 

20. It is not fair to take the ball off the ground, either for a dfop-kick, place- 
kick, or throw. 

21. It is fair to run in off any bound of a kick, hit, or throw. 

22. It is not fair to run in through touch, or through the goal-posts. 

23. No player may be held or hacked unless he himself is holding the ball, 
or is in the act of catching the runner. 

24. It is not fair to hack and hold at the same time. 

25. No one wearing projecting nails or iron plates on the soles or heels of hia 
boots shall be allowed to play. 

26. The two umpires and the referee shall be the sole arbiters of all disputes. 

27. In every important match there shall be an umpire for each side (each 
captain to choose his own), and a referee, to be chosen by the umpires. Any 
foint on which the umpires cannot agree will be decided by the referee. ;p;) 

28. Every time a side touches the ball down in their own goal, it shall count 
one rouge to the other. 

29. A punt out counts two rouges. 

3^0. A try at goal counts three rouges ; but if the opposite side shall touch 
the ball down when it goes behind it shall count one more rouge. 
^31. Nine rouges count one goal. 

32. After a goal has been kicked, the sides shall change goals. . ^ 

33. When a player is fairly collared he must put the ball down at oncOx 
calling out at the same time, " My ball." 



A ,d: 



31 



.^<DJE^. 



This may appear to be a very superfluous piece of information. '" Anybody- 
can kick ! " Anybody can ki<5k, in the sense that they can give a blow with 
the foot ; but it is no more true in Football that anybody can kick, than it 
would be true to say that in boxing anybody can hit with the fist. It takes 
long training and practice to strike out as a prize fighter does, and in the same 
' way it takes long practice to kick like a good Football Player. 

There are two points to be acquired in learning to kick. One is to make the 
ball go far, and the other to make it go straight. These are not, however, two 
i distinct acquirements; accuracy is the first and primary ingredient of hard 
kicking, and practice for one will be equally practice for the other. The young 
player must first learn tha correct attitude and action for kicking. This he 
may do, and with advantage, even without a ball. Let him make a line on the 
ground, marking on it the place for the ball ; then toeing the line with his left 
foot some eight inches to the left of this mark, pose himself as follows : 

The whole body held erect, and inclined forward over the left foot, the chest 
projected, the arms hanging quietly but easily from the shoulder, the left leg 
straightened out and supporting the whole weight of the body, the right ley; 
-also straight, but drawn up so as to hang just free of the ground. (Fig. 1.) 





, Jn delivering the kick, the right leg is swung well back (the knee being bent 
ia» little aa may be) and then brought forward with full force, the toe being 
: raised as high aa possible, and the whole foot and ankle held rigid. The lee 
: must be made to awing freely from the hip. (Fig. 2.) ' 



ia:o"^v TO b::igic tkce jb-a.IjXi. 

Of course whererer the ball is struck, it will fly fronx the foot in gome direc- 
tion or other ; but, to insure distance and acpurapy, itjjunecesiary for the toe 
to meet it in one spot only. The accompanying diagram will best point out 
this spot (Fig. 3), and maybe found a useful help to understanding the doscrip. 




tion of attitude given above. Care must be taken to kick the ball accurately 
in the centre, or it will inevitably fly off to one side or the other. 

One final direction : The eyes must always be fixed on the ball under what- 
ever circumstances it is played at. Accurate and effective kicking can only be 
by sight ; therefore, at the moment of delivering the kick the eyes must be on 
the bail. The diagram oaly represents the most effective spot in which to kick 
the ball for distance ; if it be desired to make it run along the ground, it must 
be kicked higher ; if to fly more perpendicularly in the air, the foot must take 
it lower. To give the ball due impetus, the player generally takes a short run ; 
it need not be long— ten yards at the utmost; but in every case where he kicks 
the ball from the ground, whether it be at rest, or he meet, follow, or cross it, 
he must use the same form in delivering the kick. He should specially 
endeavor to kich equally freely with either leg. The best way to do this is to 
practice mainly with the weaker leg ; the other will take care of itself. Besides 
the Place-kick, and the various kicks that take the ball from the ground, 
there are others that take the ball in the air. - These are the Half- volley, Drop- 
kick, and Punt. 

In the two former the ball is met by the toe just at its rebound from the 
ground ; in the one case from an ordinary kick, and in the other, as it is 
dropped from the hands of the player. The Punt is made by meeting the ball 
let fall from the hands with the instep ; it is occasionally a serviceable varia- 
tion ; but the Prop-kick, when practicable, is more effective, and certainly more 
brilliant. . ' 

The ball is occasionally met with the foot before the pitch ; but except when 
the ballis coming with but little force, and time is precious, this method is not 
to be recommended. 

^ The knack of kicking the ball with the side of the foot at an angle to the 
line in which the player is running, is not difficult of acquirement, and is in- 
valuable in actual play ; as also that of /* rushing the ball," «.<!., of patting -it 
along with the feet while at speed, ^o as to keep it constantly within reach. 
To do this Weil, with 'unabated speed, and yet without offering a chance to the 
adversary, is the tie plus ultra of fine play. 



33 



HINTS VoR 

YOUNG BEGIMERS IN FOOTBALL. 



BY CHARLES W. ALCOCK, 

Honorary Secretary Engliah Football Association. 

BeUeve me, there is more science requisite to play Football correctly and 
fekiUfullv than would be imagined by those who witness the game for the first 
CrSath: surface there fa possibly nothing o^^J^^y ^^I^'^'^^^^IZ 
a sport which has for its motive power the pursuit of an V^^^^.^f ^^^^^^*^^^^ 
•encased in an, outer cuticle of leather. It is easy «^«^|^' ^hmk m^^^^^^ but 
there is an art in every thing, if we can credit the ^fl^^""^^^^. ^^^^'V^V- 
composition of artistic skill necessary to the cooking of eggs- Let it not how 
ever be inferred that there is anything laborious m the achievement of skilUu 
agame which, above all others, can lay claim to simplicity in its general 
arrangement as well as in its several enactments. It is easy enough to play 
l^ot^air^ut this ease can only arrive after acertain ^VVrenUceBhrv^ntU 
service of the efeort itself. It must not be imagined that to become an adept 
at Football is merely the work of a day. To become an expert requires some 
Stinat^al devotion to the game as well as determination and decision in no 
; smardeg^^^^^^ A skillful tactition is made, not born, and there are many points 
1 ^r' tud/which experience will alone enable the tyro to master. /'^^J^^h « 
Ikick the ball itself is not so easy an affair as it ^0Y^d,*^PP"^\l5/tn Iw 
I have seen many self-confident souls who have voluntarily ^^^^^^^ to their 
, downflu and exposed themselves to ridicu e ^7 tlxe^r/^&l«"^"«^^,^^^^^ 
attempting their first kick. It is this first kick that forms the pnmary r^di- 
ment to bl overcome by the student. It is easy enough, say 7^^ ^J^l^J. ^^^ 
, compare your feeble efforts with those of the crafty veteran, deep in the wile^^ 
of Football, and confess your error.^ See how erratic is the flight ^^ Jhe ball 
from ypur foot, how limited the tra ectory, and how useless your attempts to 
drive^thrsphe^oid to a respectable distance. See, too, how severe "the strain 
on your foot itself, and how possibly a false step may ^^f ^^^^J *^^7^ ^^^^^^^^ 
into the ground, to the positive omission of the baU and to the 5«jtain injury 
of the pedal mukes. Against this contrast the graceful flight of t^e ball from 
the toe of a practised player. No awkwardness of motion ^^^r a^P^f^n^X^^ 
in the kick, but the leather flies straight as an »>^o^' t. JTJjSnl Us s^^^^^^^^^ 
from the gi^ound to give full impetus to its course without ^»«ting its strength 
in the air See how in one case the ball seems almost to receive fresh speed as 



34 

it goes, and in the other how aimless and feehle the discharge ; then own that 
in kicking a Football, as in most other occupations, there is an art, even if it 
he one easy of acquirement. 

To kick with full effect will soon he learned with practice ; still, as a 
general rule, it is necessary that t^ left leg should be used something in the 
light of a fulcrum, that the rigW leg should be kept quite straight and the 
body slightly forward, so as to lend its share to the general motion. In kicking, 
too, the toe should be w^ell elevated above the rest of the foot, the knee should 
be firm, and the leg should swing freely from the hip. By this means all the 
available force of the body will be concentrated into the kick. Care, too, 
should be taken not to kick the ball too high, as in this case it will never be 
lifted at any elevation from the ground ; nor too low, as in this extreme the 
transit of the ball will have an upward tendency, and will more than lose in 
velocity what it derives in altitude. A happy mean is what must be obtained, 
and this will only come with experience. Practise kicking first with the ball 
on the ground, and, moreover, practise with the left foot as well as with the 
right, as the faculty of using both feet alike, with equal skill, goes far to con- 
stitute a good player. One of the most essential cautions to a young beginner 
is to husband your strength. Nothing is more common among novices than 
to rush headlong over the field on the off chance of distinction, or of efiecting a 
brilliant coup at the right moment. This principle of urging on jj'our wild 
career is altogether a mistake, and always betokens the young and raw recruit. 
A recruit should learn as much as possible to discriminate the chances, and 
decide quickly to rush after a ball, as some do ^with no earthly • prospect of 
wresting it from an opponent, is obviously a superfluous waste of physical 
energy, but this species of play is so attractive to the spectators that it is often 
unwisely adopted by old hands. Let it however be recorded that it is not the 
player who studies the reckless game, but he who plays steadily and surely, 
without allowing an opportunity to escape, or a chance afforded by the weak- 
ness of the enemy unutilized, that renders efficient service to his side. 

To play the game well requires more than an indiscriminate effusion of 
energy. It needs a combination of perseverance and resolution, and essentially 
the faculty of deciding when and where to seize the right opportunity. 

Charging is a necessity of the game, and consequently the art of charging 
should be studied. Still, while giving hints on the best method of using your 
weight to the best advantage, I should like to discountenance all charging, 
except when it is either requisite to the success of a movement or it cannot be 
avoided. There is often more to be gained by eluding than by meeting an 
adversary, and to evade one cleverly often gives an advantage which could not 
be derived from a collision. But to charge well is an art, as I have before 
stated ; consequently practical advice will be useful. I have seen most elabo- 
rate details on this point, urging the necessity of *' keeping the elbows well in 
to the side, the arms forced tight against the body, the hands elevated," etc., 
ad infinitum. All such, however, are merely theories, for it is mainly with the 
shoulder that charging is done, in conjunction, at times, with the hip. It is 
not so much the way in which you charge as when you do it. Be wary, then, 
and, as a collision is inevitable, remember that " he gives twice who gives 
quickly;^'^ If you can catch your opponent off his guard or off his balance be 
sharp to utilise the moinent. You win half the battle by decision. Get well 



35 

under yonr adversary when you charge, so that you may obtain a leverage. 
Keep your shoulder firm and your body knit together and you do much to 
command success. Many players, too, have a fashion of introducing a valuable 
auxiliary in the shape of a thrust from the hip, which is often more effective 
th^ that from the shoulder ; bjit this can only be gained by experience, and 
written advice will avail nothing. 

Practise, too, constant dribbling, as manoeuvring the ball with the foot is 
technically termed. Keep it as close to you as possible, for then you have 
more command over its movements than when you allow it to get beyond 
reach, and a stem chase is a long chase. Be careful, too, to study rapidity of 
turning and doubling, as to be able to check your course and turn rapidly is 
no small aid in the formation of a good player. 

The ground should not be more than 140 yards in length or more than 50 
yards in width, as a greater area, except in the case of large numbers on each 
side, only impedes the game. In the selection of a ground see that it is well 
drained; as nothing is more unfavorable to Football than moisty soil. Of 
course a level piece is advisable, though much of the beauty of Football con- 
sists in its hardihood and adaptability to circumstances, and any sort of groimd 
can be utilized. 

It is desirable in matches that a uniform dress should be worn by each 
side, and here the primary colors, such as blue and red, are most useful in 
rendering the two parties easily distinguishable, and thus preventing the 
confusion which otherwise ensues. A tight fitting* woolen jersey is better than 
a flannel shirt, being less liable to tear, and moreover is warm and comfortable. 
Knickerbockers, or knee-breeches and long woolen stockings, too, are generally 
worn, as they allow freedom to the legs ; and, in some cases, in very cold 
weather, a rough, thick guernsey is not thrown away. 

The flags that mark the ground should be of colors that show out in bold 
relief, and the goal posts also painted so as- to be distinctive, for nothing should 
be spared to avert mistakes by either side. 

A good ball, with due caution, wiU last for years, and the expense is but 
trifling. I should recommend the English Eugby (or sole leather cover) ball, 
and of which Peck & Snyder, of New York City, are the agents for the United 
States. With caution, I say, as much depends on the care that is taken of it 
in wet weather. After a match in rain, see that it is well greased with tallow, 
and put away in a dry place, otherwise it will get heavy and its elasticity 
will gradually be lost. Moreover, some expense will be saved by the purchase 
of an air-puinp for the inflation of the bladder. 

Lastly, I would recommend the adoption of laced boots in preference, as 
they keep th'e ankles firmer, and are altogether more suitable for the rough 
work than those with elastic sides or shoes. It is not inadvisable to keep a pair 
reserved for Football purposes, and here, too, in wet weather a judicious appli- 
cation of tallow, as recommended in the case of the ball, wiU be serviceable. 
I have found much comfort from the use of an extra pair of socks; as the feet 
are thereby saved to some extent, and in rain the benefits will soon be dis- 
covered. These few hints have been loosely strung together, and? hurriedly 
written, without the chance of inspection or revision. At least, they are the 
fruits of a lengthened experience, and if they tend to add recruits to the noble 
army of Football players, they will have served their purpose. 



ENGLISH IMPORTED FOOTBALLS. 

THE RUGBY OR ENGLISH MATCH BALLS 

Are made of vulcanized Indiarubber Bladder, with heavy outside leather 

case, and are warranted to stand any climate and to outlast 

Three ordinary Balls. 

No. 1. 16 inches in circumference each $2 00 

'' 2. 19 " " " 3 00 

«' 3. 22 " " " 4 00 

" 4. 24 " " " 5 00 

" 5. 27 " " " 6 00 

*' 6.30 " " " 7 00 




THE ASSOCIATION BALL, 

IMCade of heavy Canvass thorougrhly saturated with Bubber, very strong. 

Ko. 1. 20 inches in circumference each SI 50 

" 2. 22 " " " 1 75 

" 3.24 •' " " 2 25 

" 4. 26 " " " 2 50 

" 5. 28 *' " " 3 00 

" 6. 30 " u « 3 50 

Pootball Foul Flags of Bunting, plain (without poles).. per pair 2 00 

" " " " « (with poles) ^' '4 00 

" " " " plain with initial letter of Club " 3 00 

« " " " silk, " " " " 8 00 

Football Stockings, all wool, long legs, assorted styles. *' 1 00 

Ballot Boxes for Clubs, etc.. Black Walnut, new style... each 6 00 

Football Pants, Shirts, Caps and Belts, same prices as Base Ball. 



G-ymnasium O-oods 



■ 



Peck & Snyder's Home Gymnasium, complete — 

No. 1, $5 pO ; No. 2, $6 00 ; No. 3, $7 00 

(Larger Sizes made to order.) 

*' " Horizontal Bar (for in or out door use) . 12 00 

" " Self-adjusting Eamily Gymnasium . . 15 00 

Iron Dumb Bells (Japaned) per lb. 10 

Maple Wood " .".. " 25 

Lignumvitse ** " 50 

Exercise Rings, maple, 3, 4 and 5 in. diameter per pair 50 

Exercise Rings, different woods glued, 3, 4 and 5 in. " 75 

Exercise Rings, galvanized iron, 3, 4 and 5 in " 1 00 

Black Walnut or Hard Wood Wands, 6 feet long.... " 75 

Trapeze Bars (hard wood), 3 and 4 feet long " 1 25 

Eencing Foils, No. 1, iron mounts, wound handles.. " 2 00 

" " No. 2, brass do, fancy wound handles. " 3 00 
" " No. 3, brass mountings, extra wound 

handles and fine steel blades... " 4 00 

" '' Blades, No. 2x " 125 

Haute Rapier Swords '* 6 00 

Wire Fencing Masks, No. 1, plain *' 2 50 

" " " No. 2, with ears '' 3 50 

*' " No. 3, with ears and tops '' 4 50 

Fencing Sticks, with willow baskets " 1 00 

Wire Helmets (for broadsword and fencing exercise). " 8 00 

Cane " " " " " " 6 00 

Fencing Gloves, filled with curled hair, No. 1, plain. " 2 00 

" " No. 2, gauntlets and fancy trimmed. " 3 00 

Boxing Gloves (curled hair). No. 0. Boy's. per set of 4 3 50 

" " " No. 1. Men's. '' 4 50 

" " " No. 2. " " 5 00 

" '' '' No. 3. " " 6 00 

" '' " No. 4, *' " 6 50 

Nos. 3 and 4, heel padded, 50c. ; or heel padded and ventilated, 

f 1.50 per set extra. 

Gymnasium Shoes, white canvass, low cut. . . .-. per pair 1 00 

" " (Enghsh) indiarubber soles " 3 00 

" Belts, fine, heavy worsted web, fancy 

finished, * 3 in. wide each 2 00 

u u u 2iin. " " 75 

" Pants, flannel, any color, made to order. $3 00 3 50 

Improved Striking Bags, each, 201b., $10 00 ; 251b. 15 00 

301b to 351b. 20 00 



NEW NOVELTIES 



yon THK 



These consist oi' mechanical figures of various designs, repre- 
senting different scenes, and making most attractive additions to 
the Toy Engine. They can be run separately or a dozen at a ti^e. 




No. 1 — Dollar Engine and abov.^ fig-ures on board, with pulleys, 
strap. &c., all complete, packed in woo .eu box fo7.- shipping..$3 60 




No. 2 — Dollar Engine and above chromo lithograph figures on 
board, piilleys, straps, &c., all complete, and packed in wooden 
box for shipping $4 50 

Pulley AVheels, assorted sizes and colors, for the Toy Steam En- 
gine. 1 *er doz., assorted 8'''c. 

8eist bv Express, O. O. 1^. 



HOT AlE TOYS AM) MEOHMIOAL TIGUEES lOE 
v^^^^^^^ THE TOT ENGINES. 




No. 1. 

No. 2. 

No. 3. 

No. 4. 

No. 5. 

No. 6. 

No. 7- 

No. 8. 

No. 9. 



Ng. 14. 

Cupid 15c 

Q^rinder ,.15c, 

Washerwoman ..15c. 
Heathen Chinee. .15c, 
Washerwoman & 

Grinder 25c, 

Wood Sawyer. . . .25c, 

See-Saw 26c 

Horseman 25c, 

Blacksmith 30c, 



No. 10. Banjo Player,flm'l 30c. 

No. 11. Toung America.. 50c. 

No. 12. Street Politeness. 50c. 

No. 13. Grecian Bend.... 40c. 

No. 14. Cat Fiddlers 50c. 

No. 15. Large Wood Saw- 
yer 50c. 

No. 16. Banjo Player, I'rgeSOc. 

No. 17. Monkey Guitar 

Player 50c. 



No. 18. Street Scissors 

Grinder 75c. 

No. 19. Music Teacher. . .50c. 

No. 20. Shoemaker 75c. 

No. 21. Organ Grinder . . .75c. 

No. 22. Peace Jubilee. . .$1 00 

No. 23. Wood Sawyer & 

Wood Chopper 75c. 

No. 24. Cat Concert.. ..$1 00 



NOTIOE — One each of the 24 different kinds, sent, with a $1.00 Engiw 
pulley, wheels, straps, &c^ packed in a box, for $10.00. 



GENTS' SKATES 




Ko. 20 — Sizes 7 to 10^^ inches. Monitor pattern, iron frame, pol* 
ished beech woods, with solid heel screw. Price, per pair, 
strapped $1 00 




No. 60 — Sizes 7 to 11 inches. Solid runners, Monitor toe, polished 
beech woods, holes for broad or narrow straps. Price, per pair, 
strapped \ $1 50 




No; 24— Eocker or Half-Eocker— Sizes 8 to 11 inches. English ^ 
pattern, tempered runners, with patent bolsters, polished beech 

woods. Price, per pair, strapped $250 

Sent t)y Express, C O. P« 



PHYSICAL EXERCISE PUBLICATIONS. 

PECK & SNYDEE'S 

IWBIMI CiU© EXEBeiSE, 

A NEW SYSTEM OF INSTRUCTION, 

Containing a simple and accurate explanation of all the 
graceful motions as practised by- 
gymnasts, pugilists, etc. 

Illustrated with Ten Back View Plates, Cloth, Price $1,00, 



Manual of Physical Exercise, by Prof. Wm. Wood, 344 

pages, 140 illustrations, cloth $1 50 

The Modern Fencer (new) 40 illustrations of accurate posi- 
tions, boards ♦. 60 

The Modern Gymnast (new) 120 practical illustrations, bds.. 50 
Foot Ball Book of Rules, as lately adopted by the Pugby 

Foot Ball Union 15 

Manly Exercise, 4 illustrations, boards 25 

Gymnastics, 41 illustrations, boards 25 

Pedestrianism, Running, Jumping, &c., 16 illustrations..... 10 
Base Ball Player's Book of Reference, 80 colored iUustra- 

tious i 25 

Rowing and SaiHng, 8 illustrations, boards 25 

Athletic Sports for Boys, a Repository of Graceful Recrea- 
tions for Youth. Containing complete instructions in 
Gymnastic and Limb Exercises, Skating, Swimming,. 
Rowing, Sailing, Riding, Driving, Angling, Fencing, and 
Broadsword Exercise. Illustrated with 194 fine wood 

cuts. Bound in boards 75 

Bound in cloth, gilt side 1 00 

The Science of Self-Defense. A Treatise on Sparring and 
Wresthng. Including complete instructions in Training 
and Physical Development. By Edmund E. Price. Il- 
lustrated. 12mo, cloth..... 1 25 

'Bound in boards, 16mo ■ 75 

Boxing Made Easy ; or. The Complete Manual of Self-De- 

fense. Clearly explained and illustrated 15 



Peck & Snyder's Home Cfymnasium, 

OONSIBTINO OF 

Trapeze & Swinging Rings. 




Per Set. 
No. 1.— Rope 5ft. long, 
bar 2^tt , galvanized 
iron rings Sin. dia- 
meter $5 00 

No. 3.— Rope 6ift. long, 
bar 3ft., galvanized 
iron rings 5in. dia- 
meter 6 00 

No. 3.— Rope Gift, long, 
bar 3^ ft., galvanized 
iron rings 5in. dia- 
meter 7 00 

Larger sizes made to »rder at 
short notice. — Galvanized Iron 
Screw Rings for above, 50o. io 
$2.00 per pair. 



PECK & SNYDER'S NEW MilDEL INDIAN CLDBS, 

These Clubs are used exclusively by the principal gymnasts, both 
amateur and professional, throughout the United States. 



For Oentlemen. 



6, 7 and 8 lbs. each per pair $4 00 

10 lbs. each - " 5 00 

13 « " " 6 00 



15 lbs. each per pair $8 00 

30 " " ♦' 10 00 

25 " " « 13 00 



For I<adies and Cbildren. 

3 lbs. each per pair $1 50 I 4 lbs. each per pair |3 00 

3 " " " 3 00 I 5 " " " 3 50 

SooJb on Indian Ctub JExercite. 

(A new py&tem of Instruction, illustrated with 10 back view plates, cloth. Price, |1.00.) 



KEHOE'S BOOK ON INDIAN ^\.^l%—^\Illmtrati<ms,doih. $3.50. 



Ircn and Wooden Dumb Bells, Wands and Goods and Boohs of every description perm 
tmning to Physical Culture of Health, constantly on hand. 

SENT BY EXPRESS C, 0. D. 



PECK & SNYDER, 



GKNBRAL AGKNTS FOB 



THE DEWEY TOY STEAM ENGINE. 




No, 1, Price $2.50, No. 2, Price $3.50, No. 3, Price $4.50. 

Adapted to the ivants of the Student, School Room <0 Parlor 



These are Genuine Steam Engines, with Boilers, Cylinders, 
Pistons, My-wheels, Safety and Throttle Valves, and Grooved 
Pullies for imparting motion to other Toys. They are designed 
for something more than temporary amusement, as they afford a 
continual means of instruction for old as well as young, thereby 
proving a source of great pleasure and profit to all who use them. 
Explosion impossible if directions are followed. 

Full instructions how to work, and description of engine, accom- 
panies each box. 



SENT BY EXPRESS C. O. D. 



GENTS' SKATES. 




No. 38 — Eocker or Half- "Rocker — Sizes 8 to 11 inches. Monitor 
toe, tempered steel runners, with patent bolsters and polished 
beech Avoods. Price, per pair, strapped — $8 ; *• 




No. 80 — Eocker or Halt Eocker — Sizes 9k to 11 inc!>pp. Solid 
cast steel tempered runners, French polished beech woods, heavy 
brass lieel and toe plates, and highly finished. Price, per pair, 

strapped -^5 (0 

GENERAL AGENTS FoR THE SALE Cr 




Barney & Berry Club Skate, *^a^ Barney & Berry Rink Skate, 

per pair $5 00 i^P- per pair $8 00 



Sizes, 8 to 11 inches. 



Sent by Express, C. 0. B. 



Sk8.te Trimmiiigs. 

We keep alwnv;^ on Lrad a full assortment of all kinds. 





Keys for ]3ariiey c: Hervey's, Star, Eink, arid rll CVib Skates, 

Each '. l^c 

Steel Heel Plates, Avith screws for the same ior pair 15c. 





o 

d 

O 
O 



■^ 



Pocket Skate Gimlets each 

Skater's Pocket Lanterns, round and flat. 



t5 cts. 




No. 1 each $1 00 

No. 2 " 1 50 

Skating Shoes i .....per pair 5 O'C 

Skater's Text Book ....each .5C 

'' Manual '' IC 

Skate Bags, extra wool cloth *' 50c &7v 



CD 

3 
-I 

o 



< 
o 

ill 



CO 
UJ 

a 

> 
z 

CO 

o 

LJ 
0. 







0) 



a; 



n3 

i 

c3 



^1 

GO f^ 







O 
o 

IS 

O 



CD 



o3 

a; 
c3 






C5 
OP 

o 

.§ 

<D 

ce 



CJO 

.s 



<D 

CZi 



X 

c 

^ 1' 

•O 






.— < o 



^ o 

C OJ 



CD 0)- 
C 



>^ 






O 
O 

IS 



Q. 

iiT 
o 

E 

a. 



r-ri 

r-! 



SPORTING UNIFORMS A SPEGIAlTV 




k 



Base Ball, Cricket, Foot Bull, Yachting, Bowing ami 
Gymnasium Wniforms 

CONSTANTLY ON HAND AND MADE TO OEDER. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 

020 237 030 5 









I 

V .^, .' ^'■ 



